Male Infertility Treatments

Sperm retrieval is a medical procedure to collect viable sperm directly from the testicles or epididymis when it’s absent in the semen. It’s one of the most important breakthroughs for men with low sperm count or azoospermia (no sperm in ejaculate).

Who Needs It

• Men with obstructive or non-obstructive azoospermia
• Those with blocked vas deferens or prior vasectomy
• Patients with ejaculation disorders or failed semen samples

Techniques Used

• Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE): Small tissue samples taken from the testis to retrieve sperm.
• Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA): Fine needle aspiration from the epididymis for motile sperm.
• Microsurgical Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (MESA): High-precision procedure using a microscope for better yield.

Advantages

• Enables biological fatherhood even without sperm in ejaculate.
• Used successfully in IVF or ICSI procedures.
• Safe, minimally invasive, and done under local or short anesthesia.

Success Rate

With advanced lab support, sperm retrieval has a success rate of over 70–90% in men with obstructive causes of infertility.

TESA (Testicular Sperm Aspiration) and PESA (Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration) are two cutting-edge sperm retrieval procedures tailored for men with obstructive azoospermia or failed vasectomy reversal.

TESA Procedure

• A fine needle is inserted into the testis to aspirate sperm cells directly.
• Done under local anesthesia with minimal pain.
• The sperm retrieved is used immediately for IVF-ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection).

PESA Procedure

• Involves aspiration from the epididymis the tube where sperm matures.
• Highly suitable for men with vas deferens blockage.
• Performed in under 30 minutes and requires only a short recovery period.

Benefits

• No major surgical incision quick recovery.
• Helps couples conceive using the male partner’s sperm, avoiding donor use.
• Extremely cost-effective compared to surgical sperm extraction.

Aftercare

• Rest for 24 hours and avoid heavy activity for a few days.
• Mild discomfort or swelling may occur, which subsides naturally.
• Follow-up with fertility specialist for IVF planning.

Success Rate

TESA and PESA combined with ICSI achieve fertilization success in 70–80% of cases, leading to healthy pregnancies.

When sperm retrieval or production isn’t possible, sperm donation becomes a reliable and ethical alternative for achieving pregnancy through assisted reproduction.

Who Needs Donor Sperm

• Men with genetic disorders affecting sperm production.
• Cases of irreversible azoospermia or testicular failure.
• Couples with repeated failed fertilization cycles.

How the Process Works

• Donor sperm is collected from certified and screened donors.
• The sample undergoes strict testing for infections, genetic conditions, and motility.
• Used in IUI (Intrauterine Insemination), IVF, or ICSI based on the couple’s condition.

Advantages

• Enables conception when the male partner’s sperm is unavailable.
• High success rates especially for IUI or IVF cycles.
• Anonymous and regulated donation ensures ethical practice.

Counseling Support

• Both partners are counseled before proceeding with donor programs.
• Emotional and psychological guidance ensures comfort and acceptance.

Ethical Assurance

All donor programs follow national reproductive guidelines ensuring confidentiality, safety, and transparency.

A varicocele is an enlargement of veins inside the scrotum that raises testicular temperature and damages sperm production. Surgical correction known as Varicocelectomy is one of the most effective and proven male infertility treatments.

When It’s Needed

• Low sperm count or poor motility
• Scrotal pain or swelling
• Infertility with no other identified cause
  

Procedure

• Microsurgical Varicocelectomy Small incision under microscope guidance to seal enlarged veins while preserving arteries and lymphatics.
• Performed under local or spinal anesthesia; usually same-day discharge.
  

Benefits

• Normalizes testicular temperature and blood flow.
• Improves sperm count, motility, and morphology within 3–6 months.
• Boosts testosterone levels naturally.
• Increases the chances of natural conception or IVF success.
  

Recovery

• Minimal pain and quick healing (within 1–2 weeks).
• Avoid strenuous exercise for 10–14 days.
• Follow-up semen analysis to monitor improvement.
  

Success Rate

Sperm quality improves in 70–80% of men post-surgery, and spontaneous conception occurs in up to 45% within the first year.

Successful fertility treatment is more than just surgery or procedures — it’s about addressing the root causes and building overall reproductive wellness.

Holistic Care Approach

• Detailed hormonal testing and semen analysis.
• Genetic screening for chromosomal or Y-chromosome abnormalities.
  
• Nutrition-focused counseling for sperm health (zinc, selenium, vitamin E).
• Stress management through mindfulness, yoga, and fitness routines.
  

Lifestyle Recommendations

• Quit smoking, reduce alcohol, and maintain healthy body weight.
• Regular exercise improves testosterone levels.
• Avoid long exposure to heat or tight clothing that affects sperm production.
  

Why Early Intervention Matters

• Prevents irreversible testicular damage.
• Improves success rates of IVF or ICSI.
• Reduces emotional and financial stress through timely diagnosis.

• Sperm Retrieval (TESA/PESA) allows natural fatherhood even in severe infertility cases.
• Sperm Donation provides a safe, ethical alternative when biological sperm is unavailable.
• Varicocele Surgery enhances sperm quality and boosts natural conception chances.
• Early diagnosis, healthy habits, and expert fertility guidance can turn the dream of parenthood into reality.